{"id":1343,"date":"2021-04-17T19:27:31","date_gmt":"2021-04-17T17:27:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/?p=1343"},"modified":"2021-04-17T19:27:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-17T17:27:33","slug":"arduino-initiation-a-lusage-des-radioamateurs-2eme-partie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/2021\/04\/17\/arduino-initiation-a-lusage-des-radioamateurs-2eme-partie\/","title":{"rendered":"Arduino : initiation \u00e0 l&rsquo;usage des radioamateurs. 2\u00e8me partie."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un Arduino + un afficheur + 2 r\u00e9sistances = Un Voltm\u00e8tre \u00e0 moins de 5\u20ac &#8230;. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Le but final n&rsquo;est pas de construire un voltm\u00e8tre (quoique !), mais plut\u00f4t de d\u00e9couvrir l&rsquo;utilisation des entr\u00e9es\/sorties analogiques. <br><br>Notre carte Arduino ne peut recevoir qu&rsquo;une tension entre 0 et 5V sur les entr\u00e9es analogiques, elle nous retournera une valeur comprise entre 0 et 1024.<br>Pour mesurer plus de 5V, nous allons devoir utiliser un pont diviseur afin d&rsquo;abaisser la tension sur notre broche analogique, et surtout \u00e9viter de d\u00e9truire notre carte Arduino !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1351\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\"><br><strong>U2 = U X ( R2 \/ ( R2 + R1 ) )<\/strong><br>Pour mesurer 0 \u00e0 50 volts, nous allons utiliser un pont diviseur avec R1=100K et R2=10K.<br>Avec 50V en entr\u00e9e on obtient U2 = 50 x(10 000\/(10 000+100 000)). <br>U2 = 4,55 (on est bien en dessous des 5V fatidiques !).<br>C&rsquo;est notre programme qui se chargera de calculer la tension r\u00e9ellement mesur\u00e9e.<br><br><strong>Calcul de la tension r\u00e9elle:<\/strong><br>Le pont de r\u00e9sistances donne un rapport de (10 000 ohms \/ (10 000 ohms +100 000 ohms ) <strong>= 0,9<\/strong><br>La conversion interne analogique vers num\u00e9rique de l&rsquo;Arduino donne un rapport de (5 \/ 1024) = <strong>0,0048<\/strong><br>Et <strong>(0,0048 \/ 0,9) = 0,0532 <\/strong> &lt;- Voil\u00e0 le coefficient \u00e0 appliquer \u00e0 la tension lue sur la borne de l&rsquo;Arduino afin de la convertir en tension r\u00e9ellement mesur\u00e9e.<br><br>Petite v\u00e9rification, brancher l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e de notre pont de r\u00e9sistances sur le 5V de l&rsquo;Arduino et afficher la tension lue sans correction, la ligne devient : Tension_reelle = (analogRead(Tension_lue));<br>On obtient 94 alors que l&rsquo;on mesure 5V, et 5\/94 = <strong>0,05319 !<\/strong> Tout va bien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-pale-pink-background-color\">Nous reprenons notre pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent montage et nous ajoutons notre pont diviseur reli\u00e9 \u00e0 la borne (PIN) A0 de l&rsquo;Arduino.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"969\" height=\"793\" src=\"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui3-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui3-3.jpg 969w, https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui3-3-300x246.jpg 300w, https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui3-3-768x629.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 969px) 100vw, 969px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-pale-pink-background-color\">Soit on cr\u00e9\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement le programme, soit on adapte le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent (ou on copie\/colle celui ci-dessous &#8230; )<br>Les lignes commen\u00e7ant par \/\/ ne sont l\u00e0 que pour aider \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension du programme.<br><br><strong>On d\u00e9couvre les d\u00e9clarations de variable :<\/strong><br><strong>int<\/strong> = nombres<br><strong>string<\/strong> = caract\u00e8res<br> <br><strong>Et une premi\u00e8re  fonction :<\/strong> <br><strong>analogRead()<\/strong> qui lit la valeur de la tension pr\u00e9sente sur la broche analogique sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/<br> \/\/ Voltmetre Arduino 50 Volts  \/\/<br> \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/<br> \/\/ Ajouter librairie de gestion de l'\u00e9cran LCD: <br> # include &lt;LiquidCrystal.h&gt;<br> \/\/ initialisation des broches \u00e0 utiliser pour l'\u00e9cran LCD.<br>  LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);<br> \/\/ Initialisation des variables<br> int Tension_lue = A0;      \/\/ On va lire la tension sur la borne A0 de l'arduino.<br> String Tension_reelle;     \/\/ On va afficher cette variable apr\u00e8s calcul.<br> void setup() {<br>    \/\/ Pr\u00e9paration de l afficheur 16 colonnes sur 2 lignes<br>    lcd.begin(16, 2);<br>    \/\/ Afficher sur l'\u00e9cran LCD.<br>    lcd.print(\"Voltmetre 50Vmax\");<br>  }<br>  void loop() {<br>    \/\/ positionner le curseur colonne 0 de la ligne 1<br>    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);<br> \/\/ Calcul de la tension reelle:<br> \/\/ Le pont de resistances donne un rapport de (10000 ohms\/(10000 ohms +100000 ohms) = 0,9<br> \/\/ La conversion interne analogique vers num\u00e9rique de l'Arduino donne un rapport de (5\/1024) = 0,0048<br> \/\/ Et (0,0048 \/ 0,9) = 0,0532  &lt;- Voil\u00e0 mon coefficient \u00e0 appliquer \u00e0 la tension lue.<br> Tension_reelle =  (analogRead(Tension_lue)*0.0532);<br> <code> lcd.print(Tension_reelle);  <\/code><br><code>&nbsp; lcd.print(\" V\"); <\/code><br>}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/voltardui2-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Sur la platine de circuit imprim\u00e9, on a les 2 r\u00e9sistances de polarisation de l&rsquo;afficheur, et les deux r\u00e9sistances du pont diviseur de tension.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color\">Il nous reste \u00e0 faire \u00e9voluer notre programme afin d&rsquo;effectuer des actions en fonction des tensions mesur\u00e9es, comme par exemple allumer \/ \u00e9teindre une LED.<br>A suivre &#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un Arduino + un afficheur + 2 r\u00e9sistances = Un Voltm\u00e8tre \u00e0 moins de 5\u20ac &#8230;. Le but final n&rsquo;est<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,10,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arduino","category-atelier-jeunes","category-electronique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1343"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1388,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1343\/revisions\/1388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/f6kmf.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}